Via | (Latin) way | |||||||||||||||||||
via | (Italian) 'away!', remove | |||||||||||||||||||
(Latin) by way of ..., by the route which passes through ... | ||||||||||||||||||||
Via crusis | (Latin, literally 'the way of the cross') also called Stations of the Cross, Via dolorosa or The Way of the Cross, a devotion performed in succession in front of each of the fourteen representations of episodes in the Passion of Christ | |||||||||||||||||||
Via dolorosa | (Latin literally 'the way of sorrow') an alternative name for the Via crucis | |||||||||||||||||||
viajar en avión | (Spanish) to fly | |||||||||||||||||||
Via media | (Latin) a middle way, a middle course | |||||||||||||||||||
via sordino (s.), via sordini (pl.) | (Italian) remove mute | |||||||||||||||||||
Viaticum | (Latin) the Eucharist administered to a person in danger of death | |||||||||||||||||||
vib | abbreviation of 'vibraphone' | |||||||||||||||||||
Vib. | abbreviation of 'vibraphone', Vibraphon (German), vibraphone (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibes | a colloquial term for 'vibraphone' | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibhag | (literally 'division') in Indian classical music, the rhythmic element taal is composed of smaller subdivisions, called vibhag. Thus the Dadra taal of 6 matras has a 3+3 vibhag pattern (that is, each vibhag having three matras), while the Dhamar taal of 14 matras has a 5+2+3+4 vibhag pattern | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibración | (Spanish f.) vibration | |||||||||||||||||||
(Spanish f.) rolling, trilling (linguistics) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vibraciones internas | (Italian f. pl.) internal vibrations | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibraciones por segundo | (Spanish f.pl.) vibrations per second, cycles per second, Hz | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibrafon | (German n.) vibraphone | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibrafono | (Italian m.) vibraphone | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibráfono | (Spanish m.) vibraphone | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibraharp | synonymous with 'vibraphone' | |||||||||||||||||||
vibrant (m.), vibrante (f.) | (French) vibrating, with an agitated tone, a tremulous quivering touch, full tonal resonance | |||||||||||||||||||
vibrante | (Italian) vibrating, with an agitated tone | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibraphon | (German n.) vibraphone | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibraphone | (English, French m.) also called 'vibes' or 'vibraharp', a marimba with metal bars and tuned resonators that are fitted with caps that electrically open and close to produced a pulsed vibrato-like sound. It is played with soft beaters and its range is F3 to F6 (notated at pitch). Many vibraphones have a damper pedal that stops or starts the sound | |||||||||||||||||||
vibrare | (Italian) to vibrate | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibraslap | (English, German n.) a percussion instrument designed to imitate the sound of a donkey jawbone or quijada. It is formed of a sprung steel rod, bent into shape, with an open wedge-shaped wooden box on one end and a wooden ball on the other. The box contains a number of loosely fastened rivets in the centre, and when the player strikes the wooden ball or the box itself, the rivets vibrate to produce a sound similar to that of the 'jawbone' | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibrate | (Italian) a strong vibrating full quality of tone, resonant | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibrati | (Italian) vibrated [suggested by Weed] | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibration | (English, French f.) when something oscillates about a static position it can be said to vibrate. The vibration of a speaker diaphragm produces sound, but usually vibration is undesirable. Common examples of unwanted vibration are the movement of a building near a railway line when a train passes, or the vibration of the floor caused by a washing machine or spin dryer. Floor vibration can be reduced with vibration isolators; however there is often a penalty to pay in the form of a slight increase in the machinery vibration and its consequent deterioration. Musical instruments are generators of vibrations, whether those be of a string, a column or air or of a sounding body, hollow or solid. The human ear is sensitive to vibrations in the range 16 Hz. to several thousand Hz., where 1 Hz. is a unit of frequency equal to 1 cycle per second. On the piano, the lowest A has a frequency of 27.5 Hz., while the highest C vibrates as 4,224 Hz. | |||||||||||||||||||
Richard Carte's Instructions (for the Flute) (1845) provides a list of "the chief ornaments" of this period in England. He describes the 'vibration' thus: "This ornament consists also in the wavering of a note, but differs from the tremolo by its greater delicacy, and its being produced on the Flute by waving or shaking the finger over certain of its holes It gives a beautiful effect to sustained notes. ... This grace is generally introduced at the discretion of the Performer, but it is sometimes directed by the Composer." | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Vibration musette | (French f.) an accordion tuning with one reed tuned precisely to the note and supplemented by two other reeds tuned slightly above and below it, giving the instrument a plaintive, quavering sound | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibrations par seconde | (French f.) vibrations per second, Hz | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibratissimo | (Italian) extremely vibrating and tremulous | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibrato | (German n., Italian from vibrare, literally 'shaken') playing or singing in a tremulous manner, primarily to add lustre to the tone, vibré (French), vibriert (German), Bebung (German f.) | |||||||||||||||||||
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see 'shake' (and particularly 'close shake') | ||||||||||||||||||||
see flattement | ||||||||||||||||||||
on a wind-instrument the effect may be produced either with the throat or the diaphragm such that pitch varies about a mean at the pitch required | ||||||||||||||||||||
in singing, there are two forms of vibrato - one is a tremulous effect caused by very rapid partial interruptions of the sound, while the other is a variation in intensity or accent. The most pleasing vibrato is a 'quick vibrato', but more often it is unpleasant and is a serious vocal problem. In the latter case, it is also called tremolo, 'knock', 'bleat' or more bluntly, 'wobble' | ||||||||||||||||||||
guitarists use true vibrato, either as finger vibrato similar to that produced by movement of the left hand on the violin and other stringed instruments, or by using the so-called 'tremolo arm' or 'vibrato arm' provided on many electric guitars. However, in common with all other musicians, all guitarists from classical to rock use the term 'vibrato' generally to describe finger vibrato | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vibrato flottant | (French m.) 'floating tremolo', a mechanical device on an electric guitar | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibrato system | see 'tremolo system' | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibrato unit | an effects unit used to modify the sound of an electric guitar by producing a regular variation in the amplitude of the sound. In all other contexts this effect is known as tremolo rather than vibrato | |||||||||||||||||||
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Vibrazione | (Italian f.) vibration, tremulousness, wave | |||||||||||||||||||
vibré | (French) vibrated, vibrato (Italian), vibriert (German) | |||||||||||||||||||
vibrer | (French) to vibrate | |||||||||||||||||||
Vibrieren | (German n.) vibration | |||||||||||||||||||
vibrieren | (German) to vibrate | |||||||||||||||||||
vibriert | (German) vibrated, vibrato (Italian), vibré (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vicar | a priest employed as a substitute for a parish rector of for a member of a religious house, monastic, cathedral or collegiate, which had appropriated the revenue for the position | |||||||||||||||||||
Vicarage | the endowment for a vicar | |||||||||||||||||||
Vicar choral (s.), Vicars choral (pl.) | a member of the clergy who performed the office in a cathedral of collegiate church in the absence of the prebendaries | |||||||||||||||||||
Vice | (Latin) in place of, in succession to | |||||||||||||||||||
Vice anglais | (French m.) hom*osexuality | |||||||||||||||||||
Vicenda | (Italian f.) change, alternation | |||||||||||||||||||
vicendevole | (Italian) interchangeable, changeably, alternately, by turns | |||||||||||||||||||
vicendevolemente | (Italian) interchangeable, changeably, alternately, by turns | |||||||||||||||||||
Vicetiple | (Spanish f.) chorus-girl, choriste (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vice versa | (Latin) contrariwise, conversely, the relationship being transposed (for example, the order being reversed) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vichitra vina | a stringed instrument like the rudra vina except it has no frets. The instrument has four main strings, three drone and rhythm strings and eleven to thirteen resonating strings. The strings are plucked with a plectrum placed on the index or middle finger of the right hand | |||||||||||||||||||
Vichysoisse | a chilled soup made from potato and leek | |||||||||||||||||||
vicinissime | (Italian) nearby | |||||||||||||||||||
vicino | (Italian) near | |||||||||||||||||||
Victoria | (Spanish f.) victory, win | |||||||||||||||||||
Victoria aplastante | (Spanish f.) landslide victory | |||||||||||||||||||
Victorian period | the period of British literature in the late nineteenth century. The date of the period is often given as 1837-1901, the years Queen Victoria ruled the expanding British Empire | |||||||||||||||||||
Victor ludorum (m.), Victrix ludorum (f.) | (Latin) the winner of the games, the person who takes first place in an athletics contest | |||||||||||||||||||
Vicuña | (Spanish) one of two wild South American camelids, along with the guanaco, which live in the high alpineous areas of the Andes. The fine silky wool of this animal is used to weave a highly quality fabric | |||||||||||||||||||
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Vid | video (colloquial) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vida | the usual term for a brief prose biography, written in Occitan, of a troubadour or trobairitz | |||||||||||||||||||
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Vidalita | Argentine country dance | |||||||||||||||||||
Vide | (French m.) emptyness, void, gap, vacuum | |||||||||||||||||||
vide | (French) 'empty', as in corde à vide which means 'open string' | |||||||||||||||||||
vide | (Latin) or v., see, refer to (for further information) | |||||||||||||||||||
vide is used as a mark in the score to show where a cut is to be made - the cut begins where Vi, sometimes followed by a long hypen (-), is marked and ends at the point where de is marked, so the performer skips, without a break, from the begining to the end of the cut and continues on from there | ||||||||||||||||||||
Videlicet | (Latin) that is to say, namely (often introducing a more precise explanation of something already stated in more general terms) | |||||||||||||||||||
videlicet is a contraction of videre licet (Latin: it is permitted to see) and is often contracted still further to viz. in which the z represents the medieval mark of contraction | ||||||||||||||||||||
used in text to indicate examples | ||||||||||||||||||||
vidéo | (French) video | |||||||||||||||||||
Vidéocassette | (French f.) videotape | |||||||||||||||||||
Video digitiser | or video digitizer, a device that converts video, film or animation into a digital format that can be displayed using a computer | |||||||||||||||||||
Videography | the recording of a performance by means of video camera and videotape | |||||||||||||||||||
Video musical | (Spanish m.) music video | |||||||||||||||||||
Video scanner | a system, incorporating a closed-circuit video camera and television or monitor, for inspecting the interior of inaccessible areas | |||||||||||||||||||
Vidéothèque | (French f.) video library | |||||||||||||||||||
Vide-poche | (French m.) a small bedside table designed to accommodate the contents of one's pockets when retiring for the night | |||||||||||||||||||
vider | (French) empty, gut (fish), throw out (familiar) | |||||||||||||||||||
vider les lieux | (French) vacate the premises | |||||||||||||||||||
Videur | (French m.) bouncer | |||||||||||||||||||
Vide ut supra | (Latin) see the above | |||||||||||||||||||
vidi | (Italian) see | |||||||||||||||||||
vidimus | (Latin, literally 'we have seen') a copy of a document attested as authentic by some competent authority | |||||||||||||||||||
vido | (Italian) open as in 'open string' | |||||||||||||||||||
Vidual | of or pertaining to the state of a widow, widowed | |||||||||||||||||||
Vidura | the low-born but 'wise one' in the Mahabharata honoured by Sri Krishna | |||||||||||||||||||
Vie | (French f.) life, lifetime | |||||||||||||||||||
Vie amoureuse | (French f.) love-life, the history of a person's sexual encounters | |||||||||||||||||||
Vie aux champs | (French f.) country life | |||||||||||||||||||
Vie chère | (French) high cost of living | |||||||||||||||||||
Vie de Bohême (la) | (French f.) the unconventional and uninhibited life supposed to be led by artists and writers (from the title of Henry Murger's 1848 novel Scènes de la Vie de Bohême) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vie de boudoir | (French f.) spending one's time in regular attendance on ladies in their boudoirs | |||||||||||||||||||
Vie de cocagne | (French f.) life of pleasure | |||||||||||||||||||
Vie familiale | (French f.) family life, especially as it might be thought to limit or restrict the development of artistic or literary talent | |||||||||||||||||||
Vieillard | (French m.) old man | |||||||||||||||||||
Vieille | (French f.) old woman | |||||||||||||||||||
Vieille fille | (French f.) spinster (pejorative) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vieillesse | (French f.) old age | |||||||||||||||||||
vieillir | (French) grow old, age, become old-fashioned (word, idea) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vieillissem*nt | (French m.) ageing | |||||||||||||||||||
vieil Ton | also known as 'Renaissance-G tuning', the pattern of notional pitches designated for each course of the lute or, more accurately, the intervals between them, that comprise the tuning most frequently in use during the period 1540-1630. Tjose intervals read from the lowest to the high string or course of strings was: perfect 4th-perfect 4th-major 3rd-perfect 4th-perfect 4th. Where pitch is given in relation to another instrument, it appears that the lute was most often conceived as being in 'G' (i.e. the treble and 6th courses were at the pitch g' and G respectively), though where it appears with the voice the pitch is less often fixed, and just as frequenty appears to be in 'A' | |||||||||||||||||||
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¡viejo asqueroso! | (Spanish) you dirty old man! | |||||||||||||||||||
Viel | (German) old name for a member of the violin species | |||||||||||||||||||
viel | (German) much, many, great | |||||||||||||||||||
viel aufhaben | (German) have a lot of homework, be open | |||||||||||||||||||
viel Aufhebens machen | (German) make a great fuss | |||||||||||||||||||
viel Aufhebens machen von | (German) make a great fuss about | |||||||||||||||||||
viel bewegter | (German) much more lively | |||||||||||||||||||
viel Bogen | (German) a lot of bow | |||||||||||||||||||
viel Bogenwechsel | (German) frequent bow changes | |||||||||||||||||||
viel Bogen wechseln | (German) frequent bow changes | |||||||||||||||||||
vielchörig | (German) for several choirs | |||||||||||||||||||
Viele | (Megisti, Greece) an alternative name for the 'violin' | |||||||||||||||||||
viele | (German) much, many, great | |||||||||||||||||||
Vièle | (French f.) fiddle, viella (Italian, Spanish), Fiedel (German), Fidel (German), vielle (French), violon rustique (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
vieles | (German) much, many, great | |||||||||||||||||||
vielfacher Contrapunkt | (German m.) polymorphous counterpoint | |||||||||||||||||||
Vielfältigkeit | (German f.) variety | |||||||||||||||||||
viel kleiner | (German) much smaller | |||||||||||||||||||
Viella | (Italian f., Spanish f.) fiddle, Fiedel (German), Fidel (German), vielle (French), violon rustique (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vielle | (French f.) a Medieval bowed stringed instrument of the upper classes, the precursor of the viol | |||||||||||||||||||
(French f.) fiddle, viella (Italian, Spanish), Fiedel (German), Fidel (German), vièle (French), violon rustique (French) | ||||||||||||||||||||
abbreviation of vielle à roue | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vielle à roue | (French f., literally 'wheeled vielle') hurdy-gurdy, ghironda (Italian), Drehleier (German), Radleier (German), Leier (German) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vielleur (m.), Vielleuse (f.) | (French) hurdy-gurdy player | |||||||||||||||||||
viel näher und stärker | (German) much nearer and stronger | |||||||||||||||||||
vielstimmig | (German) in several parts, polyphonic | |||||||||||||||||||
Vielstimmung | (German f.) polyphony | |||||||||||||||||||
Vielstimmigkeit | (German f.) polyphony | |||||||||||||||||||
viel zu tun haben | (German) to have a lot to do | |||||||||||||||||||
Vie manquée | (French f.) a misdirected life, a life spent in a profession or vocation other than the one in which the greatest success might have been achieved | |||||||||||||||||||
Vienna valve | see 'double piston valve' | |||||||||||||||||||
Viennese horn | the tubing of the Viennese horn is 55% conical and narrower than the most commonly used double horn in F/Bb. The so-called F crook is not a fixed part of the Viennese horn but is detachable. Other tunings are used especially for natural horn parts. The three valves are Viennese valves (twin-piston valves) and are operated by the 2nd, 3rd and 4th fingers of the left hand. In contrast to the Vienna horn the double horn in F/Bb has rotary valves with an optional additional stopping valve. The higher pitch that results from stopping on the Viennese horn is not compensated for by a stopping valve but by playing the note a half tone lower. By placing his hand in the bell the player can make very subtle adjustments to the intonation. This intonation check is also what produces the typically soft and romantic sound of the French horn. Intonation can also be controlled by means of the embouchure (altering lip tension) | |||||||||||||||||||
Viennese oboe | this instrument has a small bulb at the top near the reed, rather like an English horn (cor anglais). The fingering system is different from the instrument commonly used elsewhere. Although very difficult to play soloistically, it has a very beautiful sound | |||||||||||||||||||
Viennese piano | Vienna was home to some of the finest early 19th-century piano makers, inventive, sophisticated and adventurous. Many of the technical advancements, action, tonal variety and ideas about tone colour are central to our being able to understand the canvas upon which composers like Beethoven and Schubert worked. The pianos of the period 1810 to 1825 have tonal brilliance, lightness and clarity and the colours change as one moves from bass to treble and when one employs one of the possible pedal effects, or combinations | |||||||||||||||||||
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Viennese waltz | in contemporary ballroom dance, the fast version of the waltz | |||||||||||||||||||
Viennese school |
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Viens donc... | (French) Come on and... | |||||||||||||||||||
Viento | (Spanish m.) wind (particularly meaning 'wind instruments') | |||||||||||||||||||
Viento áspero | (Spanish m.) harsh wind | |||||||||||||||||||
Viento-madera | (Spanish m.) woodwind instruments | |||||||||||||||||||
Viento-metal | (Spanish m.) brass instruments | |||||||||||||||||||
Vientos alisios | (Spanish m.pl.) trade winds | |||||||||||||||||||
vier | (German, Dutch) four | |||||||||||||||||||
Vierachteltakt | (German m.) 4/8 time | |||||||||||||||||||
vierde | (Dutch) fourth | |||||||||||||||||||
vierde-toons Toonladder | (Dutch) quarter-tone scale | |||||||||||||||||||
vierdoppelter Contrapunkt | (German m.) quadruple counterpoint | |||||||||||||||||||
Viereckwelle | (German f.) square wave | |||||||||||||||||||
vierenzestigste Noot |
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vierenzestigste Rust |
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vierfach | (German) fourfold | |||||||||||||||||||
vierfüssig | (German) 4ft., applied to organs, etc. | |||||||||||||||||||
Vierge | (French f.) virgin | |||||||||||||||||||
vierge | (French) virgin, blank (tape, page) | |||||||||||||||||||
Viergesang | (German) a song for four voices | |||||||||||||||||||
viergestrichene Octave | (German f.) the four-line, or four-accented, octave | |||||||||||||||||||
viergestrichene Oktave | (German f.) the four-line, or four-accented, octave | |||||||||||||||||||
Vierhalbetakt | (German m.) 4/2 time | |||||||||||||||||||
vierhändig | (German) for four hands (applied to keyboard duets) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vierklang | (German m., literally 'four notes') a chord of the seventh | |||||||||||||||||||
Vierklank | (Dutch) four-note chord, a chord of the seventh | |||||||||||||||||||
vierkwarts Maat | (Dutch) quadruple meter, quadruple time, 4/4 time | |||||||||||||||||||
Vier-Noten-Akkorde | (German f.) four-note chord | |||||||||||||||||||
Vierspiel | (German) quartet, for four performers | |||||||||||||||||||
vierstimmig | (German) for four voices or parts, a quattro voci (Italian), für vier Stimmen (German), à quatre voix (French), a cuatro voces (Spanish) | |||||||||||||||||||
vierstimmige Harmonie | (German f.) four-part harmony | |||||||||||||||||||
vierstimmiger Satz | (German m.) four-part harmony | |||||||||||||||||||
Vierstück | (German) quartet, a composition for four performers | |||||||||||||||||||
vierte, viertes, viertem, vierten | (German) fourth | |||||||||||||||||||
vierteilig | (German) in four parts | |||||||||||||||||||
Viertel | (German f.) a fourth portion, a quarter | |||||||||||||||||||
Viertel |
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Viertelnote |
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Viertelpause |
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viertel taktieren | (German) beat quarters, beat crotchets | |||||||||||||||||||
Viertelton | (German m.) quarter tone | |||||||||||||||||||
Vierteltonmusik | (German f.) quarter-tone music | |||||||||||||||||||
Viertelton-Musik | (German f.) quarter-tone music | |||||||||||||||||||
Vierundsechzigstel |
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Vierundsechzigstelnote |
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Vierundsechzigstel Pause |
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Viervierteltakt | (German m.) 4/4 time | |||||||||||||||||||
vierwöchige Kündigungsfrist | (German f.) a month's notice | |||||||||||||||||||
vierzehn | (German) fourteen | |||||||||||||||||||
vierzig | (German) forty | |||||||||||||||||||
Vierzweiteltakt | (German m.) 4/2 time | |||||||||||||||||||
vietato | (Italian) forbidden, prohibited | |||||||||||||||||||
Vietnamese scale | the Vietnamese scale has 9 notes (5 drawn from Chinese system plus 4 addition notes added by the Vietnamese themselves) which have the following approximate correspondence to the western major scale | |||||||||||||||||||
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The notes y (mi) and phan (ti) should be diminished by a quarter tone | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vie tranquille | (French f.) life of ease, the 'life of Riley' | |||||||||||||||||||
Vieux | (French m.) old man | |||||||||||||||||||
vieux (m.), vieille (f.) | (French) old | |||||||||||||||||||
Vieux garçon | (French m.) bachelor | |||||||||||||||||||
vieux jeu | (French) 'old hat', out of fashion, not up-to-date | |||||||||||||||||||
vieux marcheur | (French m.) an old reprobate, a man who despite his advanced age spends his time in pursuit of women | |||||||||||||||||||
Vieux quartiers de la ville | (French m. pl.) old quarter, old part of the town | |||||||||||||||||||
View-card | a postcard that depicts any type of view whether it is of a landscape or of buildings. These cards can be sorted by geographical location if they are labeled with such information | |||||||||||||||||||
vif (m.), vive (f.) | (French) brisk, fast, lively, spirited, keen (imagination) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vigilante | (Spanish) a member of a self-appointed committee for the maintenance of law and order | |||||||||||||||||||
viginti | (Latin) twenty | |||||||||||||||||||
Vignette (s.), Vignettes (pl.) | (French f.) in literature, a short composition showing considerable skill, especially such a composition designed with little or no plot or larger narrative structure. Often vignettes are descriptive or evocative in their nature | |||||||||||||||||||
(French f.) in art, a drawing, engraving or photograph not enclosed by a border, the edges of which are softened so as to blend imperceptibly into the background | ||||||||||||||||||||
in printing, this term usually refers to a single dot pattern that may start at 50% dot and gradually decrease to say 5% in a smooth graduation | ||||||||||||||||||||
(French f.) generally, a representation in miniature, a brief sketch (of a scene or character) on the stage | ||||||||||||||||||||
the term means 'little vine' and was originally applied to designs of vine leaves, loosely reminiscent of the vinework in medieval manuscripts, used as a decoration in a printed book, and transferred to other designs used for the same purpose | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vigore | (Italian m.) vigour | |||||||||||||||||||
vigorosamente | (Italian) vigorously, with energy | |||||||||||||||||||
vigoroso | (Italian) strong, vigorous, energetic | |||||||||||||||||||
Vigorous, Vigorously | con brio (Italian), vigoroso (Italian), kräftig (German), mit Kraft (German), vigoureux (French m.), vigoureuse (French f.), vigoureusem*nt (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
vigoureusem*nt | (French) vigorously | |||||||||||||||||||
vigoureux (m.), vigoureuse (f.) | (French) vigorous | |||||||||||||||||||
Vigueur | (French f.) vigour | |||||||||||||||||||
Vihjenuotit | (Finnish) cue notes | |||||||||||||||||||
Vihuela | (Spanish f., German f.) plucked instrument of the Renaissance with a guitar-shaped body, twelve strings tuned like those on the lute, that was confined almost exclusively to Spain, where it was generally associated with the aristocracy. Towards the end of the 16th-century the vihuela was largely replaced by the guitar, which with the addition of a fifth string had acquired new artistic possibilities. The modification is traditionally attributed to the Spanish poet and musician Vicente Espinel (1551-1624) | |||||||||||||||||||
or Mexican vihuela, an instrument of the guitar family popular in parts of Spanish America, similar but unrelated to the Spanish Renaissance vihuela, that includes a belly for added resonance and five single courses of strings. Standard tuning: A-D-G-B-E, where the ADG are tuned one octave above a guitar | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vihuela d'arco | (Spanish f.) in its early years, the 'viol' was referred to as the vihuela d'arco (literally, bowed vihuela), for example in the Trattado de Glosas by Diego Ortiz, pub. Rome (1553) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vihuela de arco | (Spanish f.) vihuela d'arco | |||||||||||||||||||
Vihuela de mano | (Spanish f.) twelve-string (six course) vihuela played with fingers. Standard tunings: G-C-F-A-D-G or C-F-Bb-A-D-G | |||||||||||||||||||
Vihuela de plectro | (Spanish f.) a vihuela played with a plectrum | |||||||||||||||||||
Vihuela de pueblo | (Spanish f.) eight-string (four course) vihuela | |||||||||||||||||||
Viiri | (Finnish) flag (part of a note symbol) | |||||||||||||||||||
Viiva | (Finnish) line (on a staff) | |||||||||||||||||||
vijf | (Dutch) five | |||||||||||||||||||
vijf-achtste Maat | (Dutch) 5/8 time | |||||||||||||||||||
vijfde | (Dutch) fifth | |||||||||||||||||||
vijf-kwarts Maat | (Dutch) 5/4 time | |||||||||||||||||||
vijftien | (Dutch) fifteen | |||||||||||||||||||
vijftig | (Dutch) fifty | |||||||||||||||||||
Vijulin | (Slovenian) fiddle, violin | |||||||||||||||||||
Viking | (Old Norse vikingr, 'pirate') technically, in its most exclusive sense, a viking is a pirate, any individual that goes i-viking (plundering) regardless of the buccaneer's ethnicity. Historically, Irishmen, Anglo-Saxons, Franks, Bretons, and Slavs all joined in viking raids at various points, and chroniclers called them all vikings during their attacks. In its most common usage, the word viking applies to the pale-skinned North Germanic tribes between the years 550 AD and 1052 AD who inhabited modern Scandinavia (i.e., Denmark, Sweden, and Norway). These tribes eventually settled in Iceland and the Faroese islands and they conquered or raided large portions of England, Ireland, Scotland, and Normandy. The resulting ethnographic mixtures are often called Viking cultures (with a capital V- to indicate the scholar is referring to the larger race rather than pirates alone). The Old Norse and North Germanic languages that the Viking cultures spoke developed into modern Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faroese | |||||||||||||||||||
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Vilambit | in Hindustani music, meaning 'slow tempo' | |||||||||||||||||||
Vilayet | (Turkish, from Arabic) a Turkish province ruled by a Vali (a Turkish civil governor) | |||||||||||||||||||
villageois (m.), villageoise (f.) | (French) rustic | |||||||||||||||||||
Villanáta | (Italian, mentioned in John Florio's Queen Anna's New World of Words (1611)) any kinde of Country song, gigge, or dance. Also a Country tricke or clownish part. Also a kind of Country water grewell for the poore | |||||||||||||||||||
Villancets | (Spain) one of the names given to Christmas songs in Catalonia | |||||||||||||||||||
Villancico | (from the Spanish villano, a peasant or inhabitant of a small village in medieval Spain) a poetic and musical form indigenous and unique to Iberia, which developed a recognizably distinct identity by the middle of the 15th-century. It is a close relative of the Italian ballata and the French virelai. While always popular as secular music, already the villancicos of the 15th-century treated religious themes in their texts, alongside those dealing with amorous, pastoral, historical, or jocular themes. In the same way that the madrigal and motet gradually evolved from popular Renaissance music into sanctioned Church music, so the villancico naturally assumed an essentially religious function towards the end of the 16th-century. Today it is most associated with the services and processions of Christmas (the Spanish equivalent of the French chant de Noël) | |||||||||||||||||||
Villancico negrillo | often employing call-and-response, the villancico negrillo incorporates African elements, both musical and textual, into the ancient Hispanic song-form, the villancico. One surviving example of this particular form, Los coflades de la estleya, was written by the Spanish-Bolivian composer Juan de Araujo (1644-1712), one of the giants of the South American Baroque | |||||||||||||||||||
Villanèlla | (Italian, mentioned in John Florio's Queen Anna's New World of Words (1611)) a pretty Country-lasse, a handsome or yongue Country-wench, a yongue Sheepheardesse, a Milkemaide. Also any Country dance, gig, roundelay, song, ballad, dance or hornpipe, such as Country wenches sing | |||||||||||||||||||
Villanella | (Italian f., Spanish f.) also villanesca, canzone villanesca alla napolitana, canzone villanesche or canzone napolitana, an uncomplicated Neapolitan madrigal from the 16th-century in which each stanza is set to a repeated musical line, commonly featuring consecutive fifths, as for example those by Gian Domenico del Giovane da Nola (c.1510-1592). Towards the end of the 16th-century, the villanella became more madrigal-like and finally became virtually indistinguishable from the canzonetta | |||||||||||||||||||
Villanelle | (French f.) derived from the Italian villanella, sixteenth-century pastoral poems or songs. Many published works mistakenly claim that the strict modern form of the villanelle originated with the medieval troubadours, but in fact medieval and Renaissance villanelles were simple ballad-like songs with no fixed form or length. Such songs were associated with the country and were thought to be sung by farmers and shepherds, in contrast to the more complex madrigals associated with sophisticated city and court life | |||||||||||||||||||
a poetic form which entered English-language poetry in the late 1800s from the imitation of French models. A villanelle has only two rhyme sounds. The first and third lines of the first stanza are rhyming refrains that alternate as the third line in each successive stanza and form a couplet at the close. A villanelle is nineteen lines long, consisting of five tercets and one concluding quatrain | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Villanesca | (Italian f.) see villanella | |||||||||||||||||||
villanesco | (Italian) agreste (Italian, Spanish), campestre (Italian), rural, rustic, pastoral, ländlich (German), champêtre (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
villano | (Spanish) rustic | |||||||||||||||||||
Villano rifatto | (Italian m.) an upstart, nouveau riche | |||||||||||||||||||
villareccio | (Italian) rustic, rural | |||||||||||||||||||
Ville | (French f.) a town, a city | |||||||||||||||||||
Ville d'eaux | (French f.) a spa | |||||||||||||||||||
villeggiatura | (Italian) living in a country house, a holiday spent in the country | |||||||||||||||||||
Ville lumière | (French f.) the 'City of Light', Paris (France) | |||||||||||||||||||
Ville radieuse | (French f.) a town designed so as to trap the sun, a concept due to the French architect Le Corbusier | |||||||||||||||||||
Villino | (Italian m.) a small elegant house in the country or in a small park in a town | |||||||||||||||||||
Villota | (Italian, Spanish) the Paduan and Venetian form of the villanella, that flourished from the early 16th-century, and was typically written for four voices | |||||||||||||||||||
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Villotta (s.), Villotte (pl.) | see villota | |||||||||||||||||||
Viloncello | (Italian m.) violoncello | |||||||||||||||||||
Viloncello | (Spanish m.) violoncello | |||||||||||||||||||
Vin | (French m.) wine | |||||||||||||||||||
Vina | (English, German f.) in Sanskrit, a stringed instrument is generically referred to as a vina. The ancient texts are replete with countless descriptions of vinas of every sort and fashion. They have traditionally been broken down into two categories, tat and vitat. These mean plucked and unplucked respectively. The tat class of Indian stringed instruments are all either plucked or hammered. These include such various instruments as hammered dulcimers, lutes and harps. The vitat is a class of stringed instruments which are bowed. This class appears to be quite old, yet these instruments, until the last few centuries, did not occupy a place in Indian classical music | |||||||||||||||||||
Vinaigrette | (French f.) a smelling-bottle, a small bottle or box designed for holding aromatic or pungent salts (i.e. smelling-salts) | |||||||||||||||||||
(French f.) a salad dressing made from good quality olive oil and vinegar | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vinata (s.), Vinate (pl.) | (Italian f.) a drinking song | |||||||||||||||||||
Vin blanc | (French m.) white wine | |||||||||||||||||||
vincendo la propria emozione | (Italian) overcoming his own emotion | |||||||||||||||||||
Vincenti, Giacomo (d. 1619) | a Venetian bookseller and music printer. He also spelled his name Vincenci and Vincenzi. He started printing in 1583. His partner was Ricciardo Amadino, and between 1583 and 1586 they printed about 20 books a year, mostly editions of music. Although their official partnership ended in 1586 they continued to use the same typefaces, collaborated on some editions, and held joint copyrights in others. In 1587 Vincenti published Luca Marenzio's Fourth Book of Madrigals, with the composer's dedication | |||||||||||||||||||
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vincere | (Italian) to win | |||||||||||||||||||
Vinculum (s.), Vincula (pl.) | (Latin) a bond of union | |||||||||||||||||||
(Latin) in mathematics, a line drawn over two or more terms to indicate that they are subject to the same operation - as if they were enclosed in brackets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vincy mas | the local name for Carnival the biggest holiday on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent. Festivities include calypso, soca and steelpan performances, many of them in large, competitive formats | |||||||||||||||||||
Vin de table | (French m.) a table wine (a wine of inferior quality suitable for drinking with a meal) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vin d'honneur | (French m.) a reception in honour of a distinguished guest whose health is drunk particular on his or her arrival or departure | |||||||||||||||||||
Vin du pays | (French m.) local wine, wine produced in the neighbourhood | |||||||||||||||||||
Vinegar Valentine | an insulting valentine first published by John McLaughin's New York publishing house in 1858. They were often sent anonymously to someone who was disliked | |||||||||||||||||||
Vinery | also known as vinework, another term for filigree work in medieval manuscripts | |||||||||||||||||||
Vinetta | (Italian) diminutive of vinata | |||||||||||||||||||
Vinework | also known as vinery, another term for filigree work in medieval manuscripts | |||||||||||||||||||
Vingeroefening | (Dutch) finger exercise | |||||||||||||||||||
vingerzetting | (Dutch) fingering | |||||||||||||||||||
vingt | (French) twenty | |||||||||||||||||||
Vingt-et-un | (French) a card game whose target is a score of 21, or as close as possible to 21, without exceeding the target (the word 'pontoon' is a corruption of vingt-et-un) | |||||||||||||||||||
vingt et unième | (French) twenty-first | |||||||||||||||||||
Vinilo | (Spanish m.) vinyl (record), vinyle (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vin mousseux | (French m.) a sparkling, frothy wine | |||||||||||||||||||
vino a ayudarme | (Spanish) she came to help me out | |||||||||||||||||||
Vin ordinaire | (French m.) a non-vintage table wine suitable for drinking with a meal | |||||||||||||||||||
Vin rosé | (French m.) a wine of a pinkish colour | |||||||||||||||||||
Vin rouge | (French m.) a red wine | |||||||||||||||||||
vint | (Catalan) twenty | |||||||||||||||||||
vint e dois | (Catalan) twenty-one | |||||||||||||||||||
Viol | a family of stringed instruments (pardessus de viole, treble, alto, tenor, division bass, Lyra viol, baryton (with sympathetic strings), consort bass and violone) featuring an arched belly, a flat back, sloping shoulders, light construction, deep ribs, sometimes C sound holes, a fretted fingerboard and usually six strings, tuned, like the guitar, in fourths with a third in the middle, which is played on the lap or between the legs (hence the term 'da gamba', of the leg, although this term is generally applied only to the bass member of the family, i.e. viola da gamba). The two exceptions to the 'six-string' rule are the French baroque solo bass which has seven strings and the pardessus which has five strings. The outcurved bow is held with the hand placed underneath the stick, with one or two fingers touching and tensioning the bow hair. The viol first appeared in Europe in the late 15th century and subsequently became one of the most popular Renaissance and Baroque instruments. Viols were heard primarily in ensemble, or consort, music. Later, in the hands of a number of remarkable French players the instrument gained a solo repertoire the rival of any string instrument of the same period | |||||||||||||||||||
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viol. | abbreviation of violino | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola | (Spanish f.) in Argentina, the guitar | |||||||||||||||||||
(Italian f., English, German f., Spanish f., German f., Portuguese f.) Bratsche (German), alto (French), the alto member of the violin instrument, alto (French) | ||||||||||||||||||||
(Spanish m./f.) the player of the viola, altiste (French) | ||||||||||||||||||||
(Portuguese f.) a five-course guitar | ||||||||||||||||||||
some dictionaries describe it as the tenor of the violin family, although the tenor violin is a completely different instrument, more like a small cello | ||||||||||||||||||||
a viol, for example 'viola da gamba' | ||||||||||||||||||||
Viola all'inglese (s.), Violi all'inglesi (pl.) | (Italian f.) or viola inglese, an Italian term for the viol | |||||||||||||||||||
musicologist Robert King has suggested that term may refer to the viola d'amore. It is specified in a number of works by Vivalid including two concertos RV579 and RV555 and an oratorio Juditha triumphans RV644 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Viola alta | (Italian f.) see 'Ritter-viola' | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola amarantina | (Portugal f.) a guitar, from Oporto but is also made and played in Braga, with 5 pairs of metal strings and a sound hole shaped in the form of two hearts [information corrected by Cláudio Duarte] | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola angelica | (Italian f.) English violetta (a member of the viol family) | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola anglois | (Italian f.) probably a six-string viola d'amore | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola bastarda | (Italian f.) continental equivalent of the English division viol, the viola bastarda is a small bass viol of the 16th- and 17th-centuries | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola beiroa | (Portugal f.) also called bandurra, a highly ornamented traditional guitar from the district of Castelo Branco [information corrected by Cláudio Duarte] | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola braguesa | (Portugal f.) a guitar with 5 pairs of metal strings, that comes from the northwest, especially Braga after which it is named [information corrected by Cláudio Duarte] | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola caipira | (Portuguese f.) in Brazil, a ten-string (five courses, double strung) guitar [information corrected by Cláudio Duarte] | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola campaniça | (Portugal f.) originating from Beja, the largest of the Portuguese guitars. Its uniquely rustic sound is produced from five groups of double strings, made of steel and brass [information corrected by Cláudio Duarte] | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola clef |
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Viola da Braccio | (German f.) viola da braccio | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola da braccio | (Italian f., Viola da Braccio German f.) a family of bowed stringed instruments, the modern violin is a member, that originated in the early Renaissance, and developed alongside the viola da gamba family, eventually overshadowing the later in popularity due to its brighter, louder, more lively tone | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola da gamba | (English, Italian) viole de gambe (French), bajo de viola (Spanish, specifically the bass viol) | |||||||||||||||||||
(English, Italian f., Spanish f., Viola da Gamba or Viola da Gambe (German f.)) a term applied mainly to the bass member of the viol family. Originally an instrument with six strings, a lower seventh string was added by French players | ||||||||||||||||||||
Viola da gamba | in the organ, a string stop | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola da Gambe | (German f.) viola da gamba | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola d'amore | (Italian f., Viola d'Amore (German f.)) a large gut-strung viola-sized bowed string instrument with no frets, and metal sympathetic strings running under the fingerboard and through the bridge | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola da spalla | (Italian f.) a large viola, called da spalla, because it was designed to be held across the chest of the player, suspended from a strap over the right shoulder. The earliest mention is in the theorist and composer Johann Mattheson's Das neu eröffnete Orchestra (1713). The viola da spalla had been used during the 17th century by wandering musicians and Mattheson commented, 'because of its clear and more piercing tone quality, the viola da spalla is especially suited for accompaniment. Other instruments lack its quality of expression." The instrument is also praised in the Musikalisches Lexicon, written by the organist Johann Gottfried Wagner. The four strings were tuned like a modern viola, c g d' a' | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola da terra | (Portuguese f.) a viola from S. Miguel, Açores [information corrected by Cláudio Duarte] | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola de amor | (Spanish f.) viola d'amore, viole d'amour (French), the player of the viola d'amore | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola de Arame | (Portuguese f.) from Madeira and like the Portuguese guitar, it has five strings which are plucked with the fingers, but its shape, longer and narrower, is more that of the Spanish guitar than of the Portuguese instrument of the same name, although traditionally the sound holes are cut in the shape of two small hearts [information corrected by Cláudio Duarte] | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola de mäo | (Portuguese f.) or viola, a five-course guitar | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola de roda | (Spanish f.) one of many Spanish names for the hurdy gurdy or zanfoña | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola de rueda | (Spanish f.) one of many Spanish names for the hurdy gurdy or zanfoña | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola di bardone | (Italian f.) see 'barytone' | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola di fa*gotto | (Italian f.) see 'tenor violin' | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola di pardone | (Italian f.) of which, so the story goes, baryton, the corrupt form of the Italian, is the name by which this instrument is generally known today | |||||||||||||||||||
Violagambista | (Spanish m./f.) a performer on the viola da gamba | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola inglese | (Italian f.) see viola all'inglese | |||||||||||||||||||
Violão | (Portuguese m.) the viola or French six-string guitar was brought to Portugal in the 19th-century. The word is used in Brazil generally for any type of acoustic guitar [information corrected by Cláudio Duarte] | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola prima | (Italian f.) the first viola | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola pomposa | (Italian f.) see 'tenor violin' | |||||||||||||||||||
Violaspiel | (German n.) viol playing | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola, tenor | a rare member of the violin family lying in size between the standard viola and the violoncello, also called the 'tenor violin' | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola tenore | (German f.) tenor viol | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola terciera | (Portuguese f.) viola with sets of 15 ad 18 metal strings from Terceira, Açores [information corrected by Cláudio Duarte] | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola toeira | (Portugal f.) a larger version of the viola braguesa from Oporto [information corrected by Cláudio Duarte] | |||||||||||||||||||
Viola triple | (Spanish f.) dessus de viole | |||||||||||||||||||
Viol consort | the innovation of the first set of viols, around 1495, is attributed to Isabella d'Este, a noblewoman active in the humanist movement. The idea was to create string instruments paralleling the different ranges of the human voice. This had already been accomplished with wind instruments, but they were considered less noble than string instruments, and the manor of playing inappropriate for female aristocrats. The soft yet sonorous sound of the viols made them especially fitting for the performance of the contrapuntal vocal music popular at that time | |||||||||||||||||||
in the first existing viol tutor, Regola Rubertina (1542), Sylvestro di Ganassi devotes a major part of his treatise to instrument size and proportion, and tunings, for sets of viols. Ganassi addresses his work to the noble gentleman. It was essential for him to be well rounded in the arts, and adept in music, as this was integral to the humanist concept of a 'Renaissance' man | ||||||||||||||||||||
though viol consorts had existed in England already since the court of Henry VIII, the tradition of consort playing as an amateur activity did not become widespread until after 1600. Until then noblemen passed their time learning instruments, but mostly playing solo literature, while consort playing was reserved for professional musicians. Once this tradition became popular with English society, it is remarkable how they held on to it long after it had died out in Italy and the rest of the European continent. The Italian dance and polyphonic madrigal genres were embraced for decades thereafter and transformed by the English composers into the distinctly English fantasy, and dance, eventually mixing and uniting the two genres into the consort suites | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Viole | (French f.) viol, viola (as in viole d'amour) | |||||||||||||||||||
Violectra | electric string instrument that combine a distinctive sound with an excellence in design and construction in a dynamic range of spray finishes. Using a unique piezo bridge system, developed in 1995 with Ashworth Electronics, of Cornwall, the sound is produced by directly sensing the interaction of string tension over the wooden frame. With the advance of string technology Violectra can offer players the choice between 3 string, 4 string, 5 string, 6 string, 7 string & possibly 8 string models with many exciting new combinations of octave violin, octave viola, bass violin, & bass viola tunings and higher E string options for viola and cello | |||||||||||||||||||
Viole da gambe | (French f.) viola da gamba | |||||||||||||||||||
Viole d'amour | (French f.) viola d'amore | |||||||||||||||||||
Viole de gambe amplifiée | (French f.) a viola da gamba fitted with a pick-up | |||||||||||||||||||
Viole di bordone | see baryton | |||||||||||||||||||
Viole d'Orpheé | (French f.) viol d'Orpheé, a stringed instrument described in Michel Corrette's 1781 treatise: La Viole d'Orphée (Orpheus' Viol). It is believed to be derived from the baroque seven-stringed bass viol but fitted with metal strings | |||||||||||||||||||
Viol eléctrique | see viole de gambe amplifiée | |||||||||||||||||||
Violen | (German pl.) viols | |||||||||||||||||||
Violenfamilie | (German f.) viol family | |||||||||||||||||||
violentamente | (Italian) violently, with force | |||||||||||||||||||
violento | (Italian) violent, vehement, boisterous | |||||||||||||||||||
Violenza | (Italian f.) violence, force, vehemence | |||||||||||||||||||
Violetta | (Italian f.) 17th- and 18th-century term for the viola, although earlier violetta may have referred to an early, three stringed violin | |||||||||||||||||||
in Praetorius' Syntagma musicum (1619), the term was used to mean treble viol | ||||||||||||||||||||
Violetta all'inglese | a six-string viol, made in England | |||||||||||||||||||
Violetta marine | (Italian f.) or 'English violet', said to be invented sometime before 1732 by Pietro Castrucci (1679-1752), leader of Handel's opera orchestra, this bowed string instrument fitted with sympathetic strings, appears, from a contemporary eye-witness, to be very like a viola d'amore. It had seven principal and fourteen sympathetic strings. Leopold Mozart mentioned it in his Versuch, and a pair of obbligato parts inscribed violette marine per gli Signori Castrucci occur in the hero's sleep aria in Handel's Orlando, a part for one instrument is included in Sosarme, and the same instrument may have been the violetta used in Deborah and Ezio | |||||||||||||||||||
Violett, englisches | see englisches Violett | |||||||||||||||||||
Violí | Greek term for violin | |||||||||||||||||||
Violin | violino (Italian), Geige (German), Violine (German), violon (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
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Violín | (Spanish m.) violin | |||||||||||||||||||
Violina | (Slovenia) violin, fiddle | |||||||||||||||||||
Violína | in an organ, a metal flue stop with a stringy timbre, usually at 4 ft. pitch | |||||||||||||||||||
Violínata | a piece for violin | |||||||||||||||||||
a piece that imitates the violin style but that is written for another instrument | ||||||||||||||||||||
Violin, baroque | see 'baroque violin' | |||||||||||||||||||
Violinbogen | (German m.) violin bow, fiddle bow | |||||||||||||||||||
Violin clef |
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because the French violin clef is now obsolete, the term more commonly applies today to the treble clef, chiave di violino (Italian f.), chiave di Sol3 (Italian f.), Violinschlüssel (German m.), G-Schlüssel (German m.), clef de sol (French f.), clé de sol (French f.), clef de violon (French f.), clé de violon (French f.), clave de sol (Spanish f.) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Violín concertino | (Spanish) the leader of an orchestra, chef d'attaque (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
Violín diapason | a diapason organ stop with a stringy tone quality | |||||||||||||||||||
Violine | (German f.) violin | |||||||||||||||||||
(German) an organ stop of 8 ft., 4 ft. and 2 ft. pitch | ||||||||||||||||||||
Violín eléctrico | (Spanish m.) electric violin | |||||||||||||||||||
Violinenkonzert | (German n.) violin concerto | |||||||||||||||||||
Violinfamilie | (German f.) violin family | |||||||||||||||||||
Violin family |
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the family features are an arched belly, arched back, shallow ribs, commonly four strings tuned in fifths, unfretted fingerboard, right-angled shoulders and F sound holes. The smaller members (down to viola) are played under the chin, the larger members played between the legs, with the bow (originally out-curved but now in-curved) held with the hand lying above the stick. Some double-bass players retain the under-hand bowing associated with the viol family | ||||||||||||||||||||
although the violin is not native to the Indian subcontinent, it has become so popular that it must be mentioned. There appears to be no difference in construction between the Indian violin and its Western counterpart - however, the technique is quite different. The most refined technique is to be found in South Indian music. Instead of holding the instrument under the chin, the musician props it between the shoulder and the foot. This gives a stability which cannot be matched by either north Indian nor occidental techniques. North Indian technique, though not nearly as refined, is still impressive | ||||||||||||||||||||
An old lady comes up to Jascha Heifetz after a concert with the words "Your violin sounded wonderful this evening". Holding the instrument up to his ear, Heifetz replies, "I don't hear anything." | ||||||||||||||||||||
Violining | see 'volume swells' | |||||||||||||||||||
Violinist | (English, German m.) violin player, violinist | |||||||||||||||||||
Violinista | (Italian m./f., Spanish m./f.) violinist | |||||||||||||||||||
Violiniste | (French m./f.) violinist | |||||||||||||||||||
Violinistin | (German f.) female violin player | |||||||||||||||||||
Violinist's cramp | see 'focal hand dystonia' | |||||||||||||||||||
Violinkasten | (German m.) violin case, fiddle case | |||||||||||||||||||
Violinkonzert | (German n.) violin concerto | |||||||||||||||||||
Violino | (Italian m., Portuguese) violin | |||||||||||||||||||
Violin octet | or 'new violin octet', based on a new approach to the design of violins promoted by the leading American violin maker Carleen Hutchins of Montclair, New Jersey, USA, the 'violin octet' is formed of treble, soprano, mezzo, alto, tenor, baritone, bass and contrabass violins. The ensemble includes an instrument she named the 'Small Bass Violin', which resembles the Sous-Basse and was likewise intended to be tuned G-D-A-E. However, since double bass players were not at that time at home with the fifths tuning, Hutchins decided on the high fourths tuning A-D-G-C | |||||||||||||||||||
Violino di ferro | (Italian m.) nail-violin, Nagelgeige (German), violon de fer (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
Violino di fila | (Italian m.) ripieno violinist | |||||||||||||||||||
Violino in tromba marina | (Italian m.) the name of an instrument associated with the Pietà in Venice and used particularly in a number of works by Vivaldi. Evidence suggests that it was a violin with three strings (the top e" was missing) and was fitted with a trompette or tromba marina bridge | |||||||||||||||||||
Violino piccolo | (Italian m.) a member of the violin family, tuned an octave above the viola | |||||||||||||||||||
Violino pochetto | (Italian m.) a small violin | |||||||||||||||||||
Violino pomposa | (Italian m.) a viola to which an extra top string tuned to e'' has been added, the whole instrument tuned an octave higher than a viola pomposa | |||||||||||||||||||
Violino primo | (Italian m.) first violin | |||||||||||||||||||
Violino principale | (Italian m.) leader of the orchestra, chef d'attaque, the leader of a string quartet | |||||||||||||||||||
Violino ripieno | (Italian m.) a violin part used for the purpose of filling in and strengthening the tutti in a concerto, etc. | |||||||||||||||||||
Violino secondo | (Italian m.) second violin | |||||||||||||||||||
Violinsaite | (German f.) violin string, fiddle string | |||||||||||||||||||
Violinschlüssel |
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Violinsteg | (German) violin-bridge | |||||||||||||||||||
Violinvirtuose | (German m.) violin virtuoso | |||||||||||||||||||
Violinzeichen |
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Violinske citre | (Slovenia) violin zither | |||||||||||||||||||
Violin uke | see ukelin | |||||||||||||||||||
Violin zither | in 1925 a German patent was issued to the Clemens Neuber Company for a bowed psaltery which also included a set of strings arranged in chords, so that one could play the melody on the bowed psaltery strings, and strum accompaniment with the other hand. These are usually called violin zithers | |||||||||||||||||||
Violist | (English, German m.) viola player | |||||||||||||||||||
Violista | (Italian m./f.) viola player, violist | |||||||||||||||||||
Violistin | (German f.) female viola player | |||||||||||||||||||
Violitzides | (Greece) an alternative name for 'fiddlers' | |||||||||||||||||||
Violon | (French m.) violin | |||||||||||||||||||
(German) or Violone, the double bass | ||||||||||||||||||||
an 8ft. or 16ft. organ stop | ||||||||||||||||||||
Violón | (Spanish m.) double bass | |||||||||||||||||||
(Spanish m./f.) double bass player, double bassist | ||||||||||||||||||||
Violin alto | (French m.) viola | |||||||||||||||||||
Violon-alto | (French) the French violinist and viola d'amore player Chrétien Urhan (1790-1845) performed on a five-string violon-alto tuned c-g-d'-a'-e" | |||||||||||||||||||
Violoncelista | (Spanish m./f.) or violonchelista, cellist, violoncelliste (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
Violoncell | (German) violoncello | |||||||||||||||||||
an organ stop of small scale and crisp tone | ||||||||||||||||||||
Violoncelle | (French m.) violoncello | |||||||||||||||||||
an organ stop of small scale and crisp tone | ||||||||||||||||||||
Violoncellguitarre | see guitarre d'amour | |||||||||||||||||||
Violoncellist (m.), Violoncellistin (f.) | (German) violoncellist, cellist | |||||||||||||||||||
Violoncellista | (Italian m./f.) cellist | |||||||||||||||||||
Violoncelliste | (French m./f.) cellist | |||||||||||||||||||
Violoncello | (English, Italian m., German n.) violoncello (Italian), Violoncell (German), violoncelle (French), the bass member of the violin family, often shortened to cello | |||||||||||||||||||
an organ stop of small scale and crisp tone | ||||||||||||||||||||
Violoncello piccolo | (Italian m.) also called 'viola pomposa' or 'viola di fa*gotto', small, five-stringed 'cello, tuned C G d a e' | |||||||||||||||||||
Violoncello piccolo da spalla | (Italian m.) a violoncello piccolo played on the shoulder, like a viola, rather than down, like a cello | |||||||||||||||||||
Violoncellospiel | (German n.) violoncello playing, cello playing | |||||||||||||||||||
Violoncelo | (Spanish m., Portuguese m.) or violonchelo, violoncello or 'cello, violoncelle (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
Violonchelista | (Spanish m./f.) or violoncelista, cellist, violoncelliste (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
Violonchelo | (Spanish m.) or violoncelo, violoncello or 'cello | |||||||||||||||||||
(Spanish m./f.) cellist | ||||||||||||||||||||
Violon de fer | (French m.) violino di ferro (Italian), nail-violin, Nagelgeige (German) | |||||||||||||||||||
Violon de file | (French m.) ripieno violinist | |||||||||||||||||||
Violon de Hardanger | (French m.) Hardanger fiddle, Haardingfele (Italian), Hardanger Fiedel (German) | |||||||||||||||||||
Violone | the double-bass viol, which is the ancestor of the double-bass | |||||||||||||||||||
however, Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680) in his important musicological work Musurgia Universalis (1650) described the violone as the bass instrument of the violin family and gave the tuning of the double bass (violone) as G-D-A-E (two octaves below the violin) | ||||||||||||||||||||
a non-imitative string-tone organ stop made of metal and found in the pedal division at 16' pitch or, more rarely, 32' | ||||||||||||||||||||
the name has also been applied to an open wood stop, of much smaller scale than the diapason, on the pedals of an organ, the pipes of which are a little wider at the top than at the bottom, and furnished with ears and beard at the mouth. The tone is crisp and resonant, like that of the double-bass, but the speaking is a little slow | ||||||||||||||||||||
Violoneux | (Breton) alternatively, sonnou de violon or violonser, a violinist | |||||||||||||||||||
Violono | (Italian) the double bass | |||||||||||||||||||
the name has also been applied to an open wood stop, of much smaller scale than the diapason, on the pedals of an organ, the pipes of which are a little wider at the top than at the bottom, and furnished with ears and beard at the mouth. The tone is crisp and resonant, like that of the double-bass, but the speaking is a little slow | ||||||||||||||||||||
Violon rustique | (French m.) fiddle, viella (Italian, Spanish), Fiedel (German), Fidel (German), vièle (French), vielle (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
Violonser | (Breton) alternatively, sonnou de violon or violoneux, a violinist | |||||||||||||||||||
violons seuls | (French) violins alone | |||||||||||||||||||
Violon-tenor | (French m.) in 1833, Dubois produced a violon-tenor with body length of 43.5 cm and a total length of 71 cm, tuned it an octave lower than a violin, and played it on his knee in the vertical position | |||||||||||||||||||
Violotta | (Italian f.) invented by mathematician, physicist and instrument maker Dr. Alfred Stelzner (1852-1906), the four-stringed violotta, tuned in fifths one octave below the violin, fills a void in the range between viola and cello. With its body length, about 40 cm, a violist can play it with ordinary technique. It ribs are much deeper than they are in a viola (45 mm at the top of the body, 60 mm at the "C" bouts and 51 mm at the button) and its string length is a little greater. It was meant to be played like a violin, the player reading treble clef, and sounding an octave lower than its treble-clef notation | |||||||||||||||||||
Viool | (Dutch) violin, fiddle | |||||||||||||||||||
Viool-sleutel |
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vi piace la musica? | (Italian) do you like music? | |||||||||||||||||||
Virado | the tamborim is usually held in the weaker hand, with the thumb crossing the rim and resting on the drumhead, The other fingers are curled under the rim, with the index typically applying and releasing pressure on the underside of the head to produce higher or lower notes. The beater is held at the very tip with the stronger hand and the head is struck a little off-centre. A playing technique called virado is often used, in which the drum is rapidly flipped upside-down to produce ghost notes and syncopated grooves. The instrument may also occasionally be struck on the rim | |||||||||||||||||||
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Virago | (Latin, literally 'an heroic woman') a violent woman, a termagant, a scold, a shrew | |||||||||||||||||||
Virelai | medieval French song-form, one of the formes fixes, originating in the 13th-century from Vire in Normany. The virelai is similar to a rondeau. Each stanza has two rhymes, the end rhyme recurring as the first rhyme of the following stanza. The overall musical structure is almost invariably AbbaA, with the first and last sections having the same lyrics; this is the same form as the Italian ballata | |||||||||||||||||||
see formes fixes | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Virando | (Portuguese) en tournant (French) | |||||||||||||||||||
Virelay | see virelai | |||||||||||||||||||
a second form of the virelay consists of stanzas made up of shorter and longer lines, the lines of each kind rhyming within one stanza and with the rhymes of the shorter lines rhyming with the longer ones of the preceding stanza. The form never became popular in English because of the difficulties with the set rhyming of English words and the potential for monotony | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Virement | (French) transfer, clearing (in book-keeping and accountancy) | |||||||||||||||||||
Virga | see 'neume notation' | |||||||||||||||||||
Virga jacens | see 'neume notation' | |||||||||||||||||||
Virginais muselares | (Portuguese) muselar virginals | |||||||||||||||||||
Virginal | (English, German n., French m., Spanish m.) a plucked stringed keyboard instrument of the 16th and 17th centuries, often called 'virginals' or 'a pair of virginals' in England. The virginal is rectangular or polygonal in shape and is distinguished from the harpsichord by its strings being set at right angles to the keys, rather than parallel with them. There are several manuscript collections of virginal music by English composers, including The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, My Ladye Nevells Booke, Will Forster's Book, Benjamin Cosyn's Book, and Elizabeth Rogers's Book | |||||||||||||||||||
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in England until the middle of the 17th-century the term 'virginal' was used in a more general sense to include all jack-action keyboard instruments | ||||||||||||||||||||
Virginalbuch | (German n.) virginal book (as in 'Fitzwilliam Virginal Book') | |||||||||||||||||||
Virginale | (Italian m.) virginal | |||||||||||||||||||
Virginalist | (English, German m.) a person who plays the virginal, one of the school of composers who wrote for it | |||||||||||||||||||
Virginia Minstrels | a group of 19th-century American entertainers known for helping to invent the entertainment form known as the minstrel show | |||||||||||||||||||
Virginia Reel | an American folk dance that dates from the 17th-century | |||||||||||||||||||
virginibus puerisque (canto) | (Latin, literally (I sing) for girls and boys) a description used of literary works particularly those suitable for the young | |||||||||||||||||||
Virgin Mary | the mother of Jesus, considered the most elevated of the saints and Queen of Heaven | |||||||||||||||||||
Virgo (intacta) | (Latin) a virgin (who is untouched) | |||||||||||||||||||
Virgola | (Italian f.) comma | |||||||||||||||||||
Virgolette | (Italian f. pl.) inverted commas | |||||||||||||||||||
Virgule | slanting mark (/) indicating pause, hyphen, or alternative | |||||||||||||||||||
in poetry, a forward-slash mark ( / ) used in scansion to mark the boundaries of poetic lines (i.e. line breaks) or alternatively, they may be used to indicate the boundaries of poetic feet | ||||||||||||||||||||
in linguistics, the same mark surrounds a phonetic transcription to indicate the enclosed material represents phonemes rather than graphemes | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Virgula | (Catalan f., Spanish) stem (part of a note) | |||||||||||||||||||
Viritysavain | (Finnish) tuning fork | |||||||||||||||||||
Viritysjärjestelmä | (Finnish) temperament, adjustment of pure intervals to produce a non-Pythagorean tuning system | |||||||||||||||||||
Virtù | (Italian) supreme competence as an artist, artistic excellence, a love or knowledge of fine art, a collection of works of art | |||||||||||||||||||
virtueller Ton | (German m.) virtual pitch | |||||||||||||||||||
Virtuoos | (Dutch) virtuoso | |||||||||||||||||||
virtuos | (German) virtuostic | |||||||||||||||||||
Virtuos | (German m.) virtuoso | |||||||||||||||||||
Virtuosa | see virtuoso | |||||||||||||||||||
Virtuose | (French m./f., German m.) virtuoso | |||||||||||||||||||
Virtuosenmusik | (German f.) virtuostic music | |||||||||||||||||||
Virtuosi | see virtuoso | |||||||||||||||||||
virtuosic | displaying virtuosity | |||||||||||||||||||
virtuosístico | (Portuguese) virtuosic | |||||||||||||||||||
Virtuosität | (German f.) virtuosity | |||||||||||||||||||
Virtuosité | (French f.) virtuosity | |||||||||||||||||||
Virtuosity | total mastery of one's instrument | |||||||||||||||||||
Virtuoso (m), Virtuosa (f.), Virtuosi (Italian pl.), Virtuosos (English pl.) | (Italian, English) originally the term implied a collector or connoisseur of objects d'art and particularly a gentleman, i.e. a dilettante, and later Samuel Pepys would, on February 15, 1667, describe 'the Royal Society', the premiere scientific institution in England, as 'the college of vertuosoes'. Today, in connection with music, the term has come to mean a performer (not necessarily a gentleman) possessing total mastery of their instrument | |||||||||||||||||||
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Virtuoso (s.), Virtuosos (pl.) | (Spanish m.) virtuoso | |||||||||||||||||||
Vis | (French f.) screw (for example, the mechanism that is employed to adjust the tightness of the hair on a bow) | |||||||||||||||||||
Visage | (French m.) face | |||||||||||||||||||
Visagisme | (French) the care of the face, beauty treatment | |||||||||||||||||||
Visagiste | (French) an expert in beauty treatment, an expert in the use of make-up | |||||||||||||||||||
Vis a tergo | (Latin) pressure from behind | |||||||||||||||||||
Visaverlängerung | (German f.) visa extension | |||||||||||||||||||
vis-à-vis | (French) face to face (with), opposite (one another) | |||||||||||||||||||
see doppelflügel | ||||||||||||||||||||
a term used in dancing to describe a dance where couples face one another and dance matched step-sequences | ||||||||||||||||||||
Viscera | (Latin) the soft contents of the bodily cavities (i.e. internal organs, bowels, etc.) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vis comica | (Latin) sense of humour | |||||||||||||||||||
viser juste | (French) to aim straight | |||||||||||||||||||
Visigothic chant | see 'Mozarabic chant' | |||||||||||||||||||
Visigothic script | see 'Mozarabic neumes' | |||||||||||||||||||
visina tona | (Serbian f.) pitch (of a note) | |||||||||||||||||||
Visio | the Latin name for the medieval genre of the dream vision | |||||||||||||||||||
Visionary | visionary writing has the qualities of prophecy - perhaps it is apocalyptic in imagery, or it may be predictive in its insights, or it may contain a core of moral truth. Many of the Romantic poets (especially Blake) have been labelled visionary. Note that in its literary sense, visionary writing need not be religious in nature, though it frequently is | |||||||||||||||||||
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Visitation | the periodic inspection by a bishop of the temporal and spiritual affairs of a diocese which are under his control, or by an abbot or monastic official of houses within his jurisdiction | |||||||||||||||||||
Vista | (Italian f., Spanish f.) a sight, a view, a prospect, a far reaching mental vision | |||||||||||||||||||
vista | see visto | |||||||||||||||||||
Vistaar | in Hindustani classical music, an elaboration of a group of notes in a particular raga | |||||||||||||||||||
vistamente | (Italian) briskly, quickly, immediately, swiftly | |||||||||||||||||||
visto (m.), vista (f.) | (Italian m.) brisk, quick, swift, animated | |||||||||||||||||||
vistoso | (Spanish) colourful, bright | |||||||||||||||||||
Visual acuity | acuteness or clearness of vision, especially form vision, which is dependent on the sharpness of the retinal focus within the eye and the sensitivity of the interpretative faculty of the brain | |||||||||||||||||||
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Visual arts | art forms that focus on the creation of works which are primarily visual in nature, such as painting, photography, printmaking, and filmmaking. Those that involve three-dimensional objects, such as sculpture and architecture, are called plastic arts. Many artistic disciplines (performing arts, language arts, and culinary arts) involve aspects of the visual arts as well as other types, so these definitions are not strict. The current usage of the term "visual arts" includes fine arts as well as crafts, but this was not always the case | |||||||||||||||||||
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Visual imagery | imagery that invokes colours, shapes, or things that can be seen | |||||||||||||||||||
Visual poetry | see concrete poetry | |||||||||||||||||||
Visual spectrum | the spatial arrangement of components of radiant electromagnetic energy in order of their wavelengths that appear to us as white light or its colour components | |||||||||||||||||||
Vita (s.), Vitae (pl.) | (Latin, 'a life') for medievalists, a vita is a medieval literary genre, one commonly called a saint's life or a hagiography | |||||||||||||||||||
in a more modern sense, a vita or curriculum vitae, also called a c.v., is a summary of a scholar's work, publications, teaching, and education | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Vita brevis, ars lunga | (Latin) life is short, art is long | |||||||||||||||||||
Vitae, curriculum | see vita | |||||||||||||||||||
Vitalidad | (Spanish f.) vitality | |||||||||||||||||||
vitamente | (Italian) briskly, quickly, immediately, swiftly | |||||||||||||||||||
Vitamin | any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||
Vita nuova | (Italian f.) a new life, turning over a new leaf | |||||||||||||||||||
Vite | (Italian f.) screw | |||||||||||||||||||
vite | (French) quick, fast | |||||||||||||||||||
Vitellone (s.), Vitelloni (pl.) | (Italian m.) a young (Italian) hooligan, a teddy boy | |||||||||||||||||||
vitement | (French) quickly | |||||||||||||||||||
Vitesse | (French f.) speed, swiftness, quickness | |||||||||||||||||||
Vitesse de la bande | (French f.) tape speed | |||||||||||||||||||
Vitiate | to corrupt, to corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality | |||||||||||||||||||
Viticulteur | (French m.) a (French) vine-grower | |||||||||||||||||||
Vito | an Andalusian dance | |||||||||||||||||||
vitorear | (Spanish) to cheer | |||||||||||||||||||
Vitrail (s.), Vitraux (pl.) | (French) a stained-glass window | |||||||||||||||||||
Vitrine | (French) a glass show-case set in the wall of a room for the display of small works of art, etc. | |||||||||||||||||||
Vitriol | sulphuric acid (formerly used also for any of the various sulphates of metallic elements) | |||||||||||||||||||
abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vitriolic | caustic, capable of destroying or eating away by chemical action | |||||||||||||||||||
acerbic, harsh or corrosive in tone | ||||||||||||||||||||
vittorioso | (Italian) victoriously | |||||||||||||||||||
viv. | abbreviation of vivace (Italian: quick, lively) | |||||||||||||||||||
Viva | (Spanish m.) cheer | |||||||||||||||||||
see viva voce | ||||||||||||||||||||
¡Viva! | (Spanish exclamation) Hurray! | |||||||||||||||||||
vivace | (Italian) vivacious, animated, lively, brisk, sprightly, quickly | |||||||||||||||||||
as an indicator of tempo vivace denotes a speed of movement faster than allegro | ||||||||||||||||||||
vivacemente | (Italian) vivaciously, lively, briskly, sprightly, quickly | |||||||||||||||||||
vivacetto | (Italian) rather vivacious, rather lively | |||||||||||||||||||
(Italian) as a tempo mark similar to allegretto | ||||||||||||||||||||
vivacissimamente | (Italian) very vivacious, very lively | |||||||||||||||||||
vivacissimo | (Italian) extremely vivacious, extremely lively | |||||||||||||||||||
Vivacità | (Italian f.) vivacity | |||||||||||||||||||
¡Viva el rey! | (Spanish) Long live the king! | |||||||||||||||||||
vivamente | (Italian) lively, briskly, quickly, in a lively way | |||||||||||||||||||
Vivandière | (French f.) a female camp-follower | |||||||||||||||||||
the term most properly applies to a woman who sells provisions and liquor although it has also come to imply a female who engages in prostitution | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vivarium (s.), Vivaria (pl.) | (Latin) a piece of ground or stretch of water given over to the keeping and display of wild creatures under their natural conditions | |||||||||||||||||||
Vivat! | (Latin) long life and prosperity! | |||||||||||||||||||
Vivat regina | (Latin) Long live the queen | |||||||||||||||||||
Vivat rex | (Latin) Long live the king | |||||||||||||||||||
Viva voce | (Latin, 'with a living voice') an examination where the participants converse face to face (colloquially shortened to viva) | |||||||||||||||||||
vivaz | (Portuguese) allegro, quick | |||||||||||||||||||
vive | see vif | |||||||||||||||||||
vive aislado del mundo | (Spanish) he's cut himself off from the world | |||||||||||||||||||
vive angustiada | (Spanish) she lives in a constant state of anxiety | |||||||||||||||||||
vive con la angustia de que ... | (Spanish) she's constantly worried that ... | |||||||||||||||||||
vive en el piso de arriba | (Spanish) he lives upstairs | |||||||||||||||||||
vive (en un piso) de alquiler | (Spanish) he lives in a rented flat | |||||||||||||||||||
Vive le roi! | (French) long live the king! | |||||||||||||||||||
the phrase is often used ironically to acclaim the successor to a deceased or disgraced official | ||||||||||||||||||||
vivement | (French) in a lively fashion, brisk, ardently, vigorously, unremittingly | |||||||||||||||||||
"In Italian, vivace. This word indicates a mouvement [primarily in the sense of "tempo" but of "emotion" as well] that is gai, quick and animé, and a performance that is hardi and full of fire." - Brossard (1703) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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viven por aquí | (Spanish) they live around here | |||||||||||||||||||
vivente | (Italian) animated, in a lively fashion | |||||||||||||||||||
vivere alla giornata | (Italian) to live from hand to mouth | |||||||||||||||||||
vivere di espedienti | (Italian) to live by one's wits | |||||||||||||||||||
Viveur | (French m.) a loose liver, a rake (as in bon viveur) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vivezza | (Italian f.) vivacity, liveliness | |||||||||||||||||||
vivido | (Italian) lively, brisk | |||||||||||||||||||
Vivienda digna | (Spanish) decent home | |||||||||||||||||||
vivieron felices y comieron perdices | (Spanish) they lived happily ever after | |||||||||||||||||||
vivir al dia | (Spanish) to live from hand to mouth, to live from day to day | |||||||||||||||||||
vivir bien | (Spanish) to live well | |||||||||||||||||||
vivir como gitanos | (Spanish) to live like tramps | |||||||||||||||||||
vivir de la pluma | (Spanish) to live by one's pen | |||||||||||||||||||
vivir de las rentas | (Spanish) to have a private income | |||||||||||||||||||
vivir del cuento | (Spanish) to live on one's wits, to live by one's wits | |||||||||||||||||||
vivir para ver | (Spanish) you live and learn | |||||||||||||||||||
vivo | (Italian) lively, sprightly, brisk, alive | |||||||||||||||||||
Vivo | a nose flute from Tahiti | |||||||||||||||||||
vivre au jour le jour | (French) to live from day to day, to live from hand to mouth | |||||||||||||||||||
vivre comme chien et chat | (French) to fight like cat and dog | |||||||||||||||||||
vivre dans la misère | (French) to live in poverty | |||||||||||||||||||
vivre dans la peur | (French) to live in fear | |||||||||||||||||||
vivre de très peu de choses | (French) to exist on very little, to live on very litte | |||||||||||||||||||
vivre d'expédients | (French) to live by one's wits | |||||||||||||||||||
vivre les uns sur les autres | (French) to live one on top of the other | |||||||||||||||||||
Vixit | (Latin) he/she has lived | |||||||||||||||||||
viz, viz. | abbreviation of videlicet (Latin: that is to say, namely) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vizgunki | (Russian, literally, 'shrieks') the name given to the smallest members of the rozhok family | |||||||||||||||||||
Vl. | abbreviation of violino | |||||||||||||||||||
v.l. | abbreviation of varia lectio (Latin: a variant reading) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vla. | abbreviation of viola | |||||||||||||||||||
Vladimir horn | see rhozok | |||||||||||||||||||
vlag (van noot) | (Dutch) flag (of a note) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vlaggetje | (Dutch) flag (of a note) | |||||||||||||||||||
Vlc. | abbreviation of violoncello | |||||||||||||||||||
vle | abbreviation of 'violone' | |||||||||||||||||||
Vleugel | (Dutch) grand piano | |||||||||||||||||||
Vllo | abbreviation of violoncello | |||||||||||||||||||
Vln. | abbreviation of 'violin' | |||||||||||||||||||
vloeiend | (Dutch) pushing on | |||||||||||||||||||
Vlugschrift | (Dutch) pamphlet |
FAQs
What does vi mean? ›
VI, 6 (number) in Roman numerals. vide infra, Latin for "see below"
What is the famous music dictionary? ›The Oxford Dictionary of Music is the most up-to-date and accessible dictionary of musical terms available and is an essential point of reference for music students, teachers, lecturers, and professional musicians, as well as music enthusiasts.
What does vib mean in music? ›abbreviation of 'vibraphone' Vib. abbreviation of 'vibraphone', Vibraphon (German), vibraphone (French) Vibes. a colloquial term for 'vibraphone'
What does volubile mean in music? ›(tempo) changeable ⧫ variable.
Why is vi called vi? ›Vi's name is the same as the Roman numerals for 6, which are tattoed on her cheek. Vi is the shortest champion name at 2 characters long. Keeping with her criminal-turned-law enforcer theme, several of Vi's abilities are named after or reference various types of real-life criminal charges.
What symbol is vi? ›6 in Roman Numerals is VI. There are seven symbols (alphabets) used in the Roman Numeral system. They are I, V, X , L, C, D and M. They represent the numbers 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 respectively.
What is the best music dictionary? ›The Oxford Dictionary of Music is the most up-to-date and accessible dictionary of musical terms available and an essential point of reference for music students, teachers, lecturers, professional musicians, as well as music enthusiasts.
What is the most used word in music? ›If you're wondering whether there actually are words that songwriters continually resort to, it won't take you long to hit on the word “love.” I have no idea how many songs contain that word, but I'm ready to bet they number in the tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, or even millions! Everybody's got looooooove!
What is the top played song in history? ›There's even a dispute over the exact title. Yet “It's a Small World,” also known as “It's a Small, Small World” and “It's a Small World (After All),” is very likely the most played song in music history — nearly 50 million times.
What does FFF mean in music? ›What does P MF mean in music? ›
Dynamic marking | Meaning |
---|---|
p | Piano: quiet |
ff | Fortissimo: very loud |
f | Forte: loud |
mf | Mezzo forte: fairly loud |
The vocal sound 'shh' is ordinarily used to tell people to be quiet. Classical concert audiences are conventionally supposed to sit quietly during a performance, and people might tell each other to 'shh' if they fail to abide by this convention.
What does SFFZ mean in music? ›It's just mixing up forte and the sforzando, or thinking sfz means "suddenly forte," and thus "sffz" means "suddenly fortissimo."
What does Guisto mean in music? ›: in strict tempo : with exactness. used as a direction in music.
What does Legero mean in music? ›(music) Lightly, delicately, or gently.
Does vi mean 5? ›The number 6 in Roman numerals is VI.
What is vi short for name? ›While its meaning is often linked to the name it's shortening, it is most commonly associated with Violet, and therefore has adopted the meaning “purple.” It's no surprise why this is such a loved choice, as the color represents luxury, nobility, power, and ambition.
What language does vi stand for? ›Vi just stands for Visual, as in Visual Editor. Vim stands for Visual Improved, as in Visual Editor Improved.
What does the root vi mean? ›road, way, journey.