How to Start Seeds — Three Acre Farm (2024)


Here are some things to look for:

  • Adequate Light: If you can’t use a south facing window, or don’t get enough natural light in your climate (a real problem here in cloudy Michigan!), you will need to use artificial lights. Insufficient light will produce leggy, weak plants. The plants need about 16 hours of strong light each day.

  • Warmth: Many seedlings want to grow in conditions between 65-75 degrees Fahrenheit. While the basem*nt may seem like a good space, many basem*nts are too cold and the plants will grow very slowly. This can be overcome by leaving the plants on a heat mat to provide supplemental warmth.

  • Air Flow: If the space does not have good air flow, a small fan can provide the necessary air movement to prevent disease problems.

  • Safe from Pets: This can be a real issue! Cats love to lay on heat mats and flatten your tender seedlings (ask me how I know this. Ha!). They might even think your seed trays are litter boxes. Eek! Dogs may like to eat the soil.

  • Proximity to Water Sources: You will need to water your babies frequently, so be sure they are in a location that has easy to access to water… or else you’ll get lazy and won’t water them enough (oh, is that just me?).

Timing of Sowing

It’s important to know your Average Last Spring Frost Date. Do a simple web search to find the Average Last Spring Frost Date in your area.

This is the date when it’s safe to plant most flowers, veggies and herbs outdoors.If you plant outdoors before this date, you risk losing your plants to a late spring frost. (There are some plants that are “hardy” or “frost tolerant” that can be planted out before this date. Check the seed packet to be sure.)

While it seems counterintuitive, err on the side of sowing seeds a bit later rather than earlier. Seeds that are sown too early can result in plants that are rootbound and stunted, or may try to bloom at 2 inches tall. Eek!

Here are some rough guidelines/suggestions for commonly grown flowers, veggies and herbs. You may need to experiment to find the correct timing for your climate.

8-10 Weeks before Average Last Spring Frost

6-8 Weeks before Last Average Spring Frost

4-6 Weeks before Last Average Frost

  • Amaranth

  • Ammi (False Queen Anne’s Lace)

  • Bachelor’s Button

  • Basil

  • Broccoli

  • Cabbage

  • Cauliflower

  • Cosmos

  • Forget-Me-Not

  • Kale

  • Lettuce

  • Marigold

  • Morning Glory

  • Sweet Pea

  • Tomato

  • Zinnia

2-4 Weeks before Average Last Spring Frost

  • Cucumber

  • Melon

  • Nasturtium

  • Pumpkin

  • Squash

  • Sunflower

  • Watermelon

How to Start Seeds —  Three Acre Farm (2024)

FAQs

How do commercial growers start seeds? ›

We fill our trays to the top, level the soil with a brush of our hands, and sow our seeds into dry soil. Instead of covering the seeds with a light layer of soil, a common recommendation, we lightly press each into the soil surface so there is good contact between the seed and the soil.

How to plant seed on a farm? ›

How do farmers plant seeds? A tractor pulls a planter through the field to embed seeds in the soil. Many farmers use GPS systems and monitors in their tractors to plant a straight row of crops and avoid seeding overlap.

How many seeds should I start of each plant? ›

Add one seed to each pot or cell. Use the crease of the seed packet or place seeds in a creased piece of paper to help direct the seeds where you want them to go. Sometimes not every seed will germinate. To increase your chances of success, add 2-3 seeds to each pot and thin out the extras once everything has sprouted.

How to calculate when to start seeds indoors? ›

To determine the best time to start your seeds indoors, check the back of the seed packet to see how many weeks the seed needs to germinate and grow before it's transplanted. Using that number, count backward on the calendar from the average last frost date – that's May 15th in our area.

What is the best seed starter method? ›

Trays and cell flats are the seed-starting method of choice on most large vegetable farms for several reasons: They are very quick to fill. They can be moved around easily.

Do farmers own their seeds? ›

Farmers who use these seeds have to pay the breeders and the companies that have bought the rights to own the seeds. If they save seeds and plant them another year, they must pay again for the use of these 'Farm Saved Seeds'.

What machine do farmers use to plant seeds? ›

A planter is a farm implement, usually towed behind a tractor, that sows (plants) seeds in rows throughout a field. It is connected to the tractor with a drawbar or a three-point hitch. Planters lay the seeds down in precise manner along rows.

How much seed do you need for an acre? ›

Using our example seeding rate of four pounds per 1,000 square feet and scaling it up to one acre (43.56 thousand square feet), you would need approximately 174.24 pounds of seed to cover that entire area.

What is the general rule for planting seed? ›

The rule of thumb is to plant seeds at a depth equal to two or three times their width. It is better to plant seeds too shallow than too deep. Some seeds, such as certain Lettuces or Snapdragon, need light to germinate and should not be covered at all.

What happens if I plant too many seeds? ›

Q: Can you plant too many seeds in one spot? A: You can! However, you can always thin your multiple seeds that sprout seedlings after they sprout if needed. This will free up space for the ones you leave.

What size garden to feed a family of 4 for a year? ›

For a non-vegetarian individual, however, we'd estimate that you need about 200 square feet of garden space to allow for a harvest that feeds everyone year-round. So, for an average family of four, plan for an 800 square-foot garden—a plot that is 20 feet by 40 feet in size.

What month is best to start seeds indoors? ›

Mid-March is the best time to start many vegetables and annual flowers indoors for transplanting outside once the threat of frost has passed.

Is April too late to start seeds indoors? ›

April is a great time to start to sow your flowers indoors so they can be ready for summer blooms!

What is the ideal temp for starting seeds? ›

The closer the temperature is to the optimum, the quicker germination will occur. Most seeds germinate when the soil temperature is between 68° and 86°F.

How do seed companies make seeds? ›

Few seed retailers produce many of their own seed crops. The better companies trial varieties in plots located in their climatic region, but rarely do they grow their own seed. Instead, they repack seed grown by others. Each of the giant seed wholesalers tries to gain an edge in the highly competitive marketplace.

How are seeds harvested commercially? ›

Crops are laid to dry in wind rows on the ground. Then a combine, a massive machine, picks up the crop, separates seeds from chaff, moves the seed up a conveyor belt, and spits it into a bin or a tender.

How does seed dispensary work? ›

A special container obtained from Madame Ping. According to her, this dispensary has the power to "generate seeds"... That is to say, it can create the seeds of various plants according to their special traits, which can then be planted within the appropriate fields within your Serenitea Pot.

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