Pinus seeds cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because: (2024)

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Pinus seeds cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because:? ›

Final answer: Pinus seeds cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because they have an obligate association with mycorrhizae

The seeds of the pinus trees possess hardened seed coats and thus, cannot germinate on their own. The fungal bodies are present in association with their seedlings and protect the seeds from any diseases. This association with mycorrhiza is crucial for the germination of pinus seeds.

This association between fungus and roots of higher plants such as Pinus is termed mycorrhiza. Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association. Symbiotic association refers to that kind of association in which both the organisms get mutually benefitted.

Some plants like pinus have an obligate association with mycorrhizae. Seeds cannot germinate and establish without the presence of mycorrhizae.

Reason: Fungal filaments form network around the young roots/penetrate the root and increase the amount of water absorption in these plants.

Seeds require the proper combination of temperature, oxygen, and water to germinate. The seed packet does no longer comprise all the optimal conditions that a seed needs to germinate. The most significant element is humidity. In packages, they are able to mold, mildew, and eventually perish if they become damp.

Spores encountering conditions suitable for germinating, including available water or moisture combined with the required nutrients, adequate temperature and other environmental conditions, will swell, develop germ-tubes and be ready for the next stage: penetrating into the host.

Mycorrhiza is the symbiosis association between roots of higher plants and fungi. In this association fungal hyphae are found in the roots of higher plants. Both members are benefitted from this association, that's why it is called symbiosis or mutualism.

What are mycorrhizae? The associations between roots and fungi are called mycorrhizae. These symbiotic arrangements have been found in about 90% of all land plants, and have been around for approximately 400 million years. Plant roots are hospitable sites for the fungi to anchor and produce their threads (hyphae).

The most common type of mycorrhizal symbiosis is between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in which the fungal partner trades soil nutrients – primarily phosphorus – for carbohydrates with plants (Parniske, 2008).

Does mycorrhiza help in seed germination? ›

Different mycorrhizal fungi play various roles in seed germination, protocorm formation, and the subsequent seedling development stages of orchids¹⁴. Although some endophytic fungi promote seed germination, they become incompatible as symbionts during the growth of seedlings^15–17.

Over 80% of all plant species form relationships with mycorrhizal fungi, and many plants could not survive without them. These fungi can increase water and mineral uptake by plants up to 1000 times and double plant growth!

Mycorrhizas are fungal associations between plant roots and beneficial fungi. The fungi effectively extend the root area of plants and are extremely important to most wild plants, but less significant for garden plants where the use of fertilisers and cultivation disrupts and replaces these associations.

Final answer: Pinus seeds cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because they have an obligate association with mycorrhizae.

Penis growth begins during puberty, typically at the average age of 12 in males, and stops at the end of puberty, typically around the ages of 18-21. Penis growth, shape, and size vary greatly, and there is no “normal” size.

Significant to the story is that pines, like ferns and mosses and also like wheat and aspen, do produce spores, i.e. seeds do NOT replace spores.

The vast majority of economically important plants form mycorrhizae. Without mycorrhizae, most of our important tree species could not long survive in the dynamic, fiercely competitive biological communities that inhabit forest soils.

Most plants will grow and survive without mycorrhizae. If one inoculates plants with mycorrhizae, don't assume benefit; several other soil conditions may result in robust growth conditions. From the previous fact, proof of benefit does not always translate to all production or landscape situations.

mycorrhizae) permits the plant to obtain additional moisture and nutrients. This is particularly important in uptake of phosphorus, one of the major nutrients required by plants. When mycorrhizae are present, plants are less susceptible to water stress.