Why You Should Leave the Leaves (2024)

Why You Should Leave the Leaves

Savvy gardeners know that keeping fallen leaves on their property benefits wildlife and the environment

  • Laura Tangley
  • Garden for Wildlife
  • Oct 01, 2015

Why You Should Leave the Leaves (1)

The marbled salamander (above) and eastern box turtle (below) are among many bird, mammal, reptile, invertebrate and other species that rely on leaf litter for food and shelter.

IT'S THAT TIME OF YEAR AGAIN: The air turns crisp, the leaves turn red and gold and homeowners turn to the annual chore known as “fall garden cleanup”—including disposal of those leaves after they fall to the ground.

Traditionally, leaf removal has entailed three steps: Rake leaves (or blast them with a blower) into piles, transfer the piles to bags and place the bags out to be hauled off to a landfill. Yet, increasingly, conservationists say these actions not only harm the environment but rob your garden of nutrients while destroying wildlife habitat. The alternative? “Let fallen leaves stay on your property,” says National Wildlife Federation Naturalist David Mizejewski.

Leaves in Landfills

Why You Should Leave the Leaves (2)

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, leaves and other yard debris account for more than 13 percent of the nation’s solid waste—a whopping 33 million tons a year. Without enough oxygen to decompose, this organic matter releases the greenhouse gas methane, says Joe Lamp’l, author of The Green Gardener’s Guide. In fact, solid-waste landfills are the largest U.S. source of man-made methane—and that’s aside from the carbon dioxide generated by gas-powered blowers and trucks used in leaf disposal.

For gardeners, turning leaves into solid waste is wasteful. “Fallen leaves offer a double benefit,” Mizejewski says. “Leaves form a natural mulch that helps suppress weeds and fertilizes the soil as it breaks down. Why spend money on mulch and fertilizer when you can make your own?”

Removing leaves also eliminates vital wildlife habitat. Critters ranging from turtles and toads to birds, mammals and invertebrates rely on leaf litter for food, shelter and nesting material. Many moth and butterfly caterpillars overwinter in fallen leaves before emerging in spring.

Need one more reason to leave the leaves? “The less time you spend raking leaves,” Mizejewski says, “the more time you’ll have to enjoy the gorgeous fall weather and the wildlife that visits your garden.”

Every Litter Bit Counts

Why You Should Leave the Leaves (3)

What should you do with all those fallen leaves you're not sending to the landfill? Here are some tips:

• Let leaves stay where they fall. They won't hurt your lawn if you chop them with a mulching mower.

• Rake leaves off the lawn to use as mulch in garden beds. For finer-textured mulch, shred them first.

• Let leaf piles decompose; the resulting leaf mold can be used as a soil amendment to improve structure and water retention.

• Make compost: Combine fallen leaves (“brown material”) with grass clippings and other “green material” and keep moist and well mixed. You’ll have nutrient-rich compost to add to your garden next spring.

• Still too many leaves? Share them with neighbors, friends, schools and others. Some communities will pick up leaves and make compost to sell or give away.

• Build a brush shelter. Along with branches, sticks and stems, leaves can be used to make brush piles that shelter native wildlife.

For more wildlife-gardening tips, visit www.nwf.org/nwfgarden.

Become an NWF Wildlife Gardener and sign up for our Garden for Wildlife™ newsletter. It's free and you will receive great gardening tips and learn how to certify your yard as a Certified Wildlife Habitat® site or your community as part of NWF's Community Wildlife Habitat® program.

Laura Tangley is senior editor of National Wildlife magazine.

More from National Wildlife magazine and the National Wildlife Federation:

A Helping Hand for Early Bees »
6 Excuses to Avoid Yard Work This Fall »
Why Leaves Fall From Trees in Autumn »
What to do With Fallen Leaves »
Family Fun: Make an Autumn Obstacle Course »

Why You Should Leave the Leaves (2024)

FAQs

Why You Should Leave the Leaves? ›

To best support wildlife and soil health, experts say leaves should be left where they fall. A hearty leaf cover provides a habitat during the cold winter months for critical pollinating species such as bees, butterflies and moths.

Why is it important to leave the leaves? ›

Leaf mulch is part of a tree's natural cycle. It is nature's way of recycling important nutrients and protecting the tree's roots during the harsh winter months. Leaf mulch also fortifies soil by providing rotting stuff, which is the foundation of healthy soil.

Why should you remove leaves? ›

If you have a thick layer of leaves, where you can barely see any signs of grass beneath them, then it's best if you remove some of the leaves to prevent matting and smothering of the grass. Rake or otherwise remove at least half of them.

Why shouldn't you rake leaves? ›

Data suggests that one square meter of leaf litter could house between 40,000 to 50,000 springtails, tiny arthropods that are easy to overlook but important to ecosystems. Trashing leaves takes away an important source of protection for these and other critters in the colder months.

What happens if you don't clean up leaves? ›

Excessive leaf matter on your lawn going into winter is bad for several reasons. First, it will smother the grass and if not removed very soon in the spring it will inhibit growth. Second, it can promote the snow mold diseases. And finally, turf damage from critters (voles, mice) can be more extensive in the spring.

Why are leaves important to life? ›

Leaves are one of the three organs of a plant. The most important job of a leaf is to make food for the plant. Leaves are the main (but not only) organ responsible for turning sunlight into food.

What are the benefits of leaves? ›

Adding them to the daily diet provides your body with essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, fibre, antioxidants, etc. The antioxidants present in leaves can make a strong immune system.

Is it OK to rake leaves into the street? ›

Loose leaf piles should be placed behind the curb or edge of pavement without blocking the sidewalk. Do not rake or blow leaves into the street as they present a safety hazard and a flooding concern when leaves are washed into storm drains.

Is it better to pick up leaves or leave them? ›

Although people often rake and bag leaves to prevent their lawns from being smothered and to make yards look better, in most cases, you're fine not moving them. In fact, many environmental experts say raking leaves and removing them from your property is not only bad for your lawn but for the environment as a well.

Is it better to leave leaves on the lawn over winter? ›

While leaving fallen leaves in their natural state may help your property's ecosystem thrive, it may not be ideal if your goal is a well-kept lawn. A thick layer of leaves can starve your grass of sunlight and cause it to die. Lingering leaves can also stain walkways and decks.

Is it OK to mow leaves instead of raking? ›

Wet leaves won't chop well with a mower, and they tend to clog rakes and leaf vacuums. You can skip raking completely by mowing over leaves and chopping them into small pieces. If you plan to compost leaves, chopping them first speeds up decomposition. Use a grass catcher to gather leaves as you mow over them.

Is it better to rake leaves wet or dry? ›

Don't Rake After it Rains

Wet leaves stick together, making it difficult to collect them with your rake, yard vacuum or leaf blower. Leaves are much easier to rake and dispose of when they are dry.

What is the best way to clean leaves? ›

Using a leaf rake is the simplest way to remove leaves from your lawn. If conditions are breezy, rake lawns in the direction the wind is blowing – it'll make the job easier. A 3 in 1 rake is a perfect tool to use for clearing and collecting leaves from different areas of the garden.

What are the benefits of losing leaves? ›

The main reason for leaf drop on most trees is that, come winter, it gets pretty cold and dry in our part of the world. Rather than expend energy to protect these fragile organs, trees shed leaves to conserve resources.

Is it better to break leaves or leave them? ›

Fallen leaves hold nutrients that the trees, plants, and soil in your yard need. They provide shelter for the insects and wildlife we all need to survive. Plus, leaves make a great replacement for hardwood mulch. So, this year, skip the blower and leave the leaves for a healthier yard and community!

What are the three purposes of leaves? ›

The leaves are the primary food-making part of the plant. Leaves absorb carbon dioxide from the air, combine it with water that comes through the roots of the plants to make food (a sugar molecule known as glucose), and release oxygen into the air.

Why do you think the leaves needed? ›

Leaves make food for the plant, in the form of glucose, a type of sugar. To do this they need Carbon Dioxide from the air, water from the soil and light from the sun. This amazing process is called photosynthesis.

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